Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae

Ilmakehän pienhiukkasten muodostumisen merkitys ilmastolle ja ilmanlaadulle

Markku Kulmala — 2024-12-17

Atmospheric CO₂ concentrations are increasing. However, the total effect of ecosystems on climate is more complex than just the carbon balance. Ecosystems have a key role in aerosol formation in the atmosphere, which significantly contributes to the radiative balance. Without aerosols, there are no clouds or rain, and aerosols reflect part of the incoming solar radiation back to space, cooling the atmosphere. We established the SMEAR stations 25 years ago, to provide open comprehensive data. We would need similar comprehensive observations from different ecosystems globally, both for properly understanding the full climate forcing and for solving the global environmental challenges.

OECD:n ohjeiden kasvava merkitys kansainvälisessä verotuksessa

Marjaana Helminen — 2024-12-17

The development of international tax law is increasingly based on different OECD models and guidelines. Originally OECD models and guidelines were followed only as recommendations, but more and more often they are implemented as binding EU directives or domestic legislation. This development raises difficult issues of application and interpretation. This article discusses the changing status of the OECD guidelines and the application and interpretation issues related to the development. The issues are illustrated using transfer pricing adjustment provisions and the provisions concerning minimum taxation of large groups of companies as examples. The author concludes that despite difficult interpretation and application issues, there are good reasons to implement OECD models and guidelines in the European Union in the form of binding EU Directives.

From respiratory supercomplexes to megacomplexes

Outi Haapanen — 2024-12-17

Cellular energy is produced in mitochondria by respiratory enzymes in a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Respiratory enzymes are large proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane which can occur either as individual enzymes or organize into larger assemblies called super- and megacomplexes. Originally, supercomplex organization was not generally accepted, but nowadays, their existence is clear. However, the functional aspects are still in the dark. In this overview, we will briefly touch upon the history of super-complex research, the variation of the supercomplex compositions and shed light on the challenges of studying their functional aspects.

Vuorovaikutuskompetenssin rooli videovälitteisessä yhteistoiminnassa

Tuire Oittinen — 2024-12-17

Video-mediated interaction has been increasingly studied during the past decades. Empirical research that uses qualitative methods and draws on recorded data from authentic situations (e.g., workplace meetings and online classrooms) has shown that these environments are very complex and present challenges (e.g., in turn-taking) but also provide unique affordances for organizing interaction. Most recent research has highlighted participants’ situated conduct (i.e., talk, embodied actions, use of digital resources) and interactional competence as key for the smooth unfolding of interaction and accomplishment of collaborative activities. More research is still needed to substantiate context-specific practices.

Yliopistopedagogiikka yliopistojen strategisen kehittämisen ytimessä

Sari Lindblom — 2024-12-17

University pedagogy, in other words, research on teaching and learning at university is a relatively new discipline which is multidisciplinary by nature and draws its rich theoretical and methodological basismainly from psychology as well as from educational and social sciences. In addition, the contexts of study broaden the multidisciplinarity by collecting empirical evidence on factors contributing to high-quality learning outcomes, which is important. Research results often make intuitivesense and can even sound self-evident, but it is important to generate empirical evidence to confirm teachers’ instincts. However, empirical evidence can also reveal complicated inter-relationships or even counter-intuitive aspects, which need to be taken into account when making strategic decisions concerning the future of universities.

Päätoimittajilta

Anna Mauranen — 2024-12-17

AASF:n vuoden 2024 toisessa numerossa on sekä tuttua että uutta. Tuttuun tapaan numerossa on artikkeleita eri tieteenaloilta, niin tunnetuilta huippututkijoilta kuin tällä kertaa erityisen ilahduttavasti myös nuorilta tutkijoilta Nuorten Tiedeakatemiasta. Tässä numerossa on toisena uutuutena osasto ”Keskustelua”, minkä toivomme innostavan kommentointiin ja uusiin keskustelunavauksiin.

Akateeminen johtajuus etenee murroksesta toiseen

Tuuli Toivonen — 2024-12-17

This article explores the disruptions that occur throughout an academic leader’s career and the self-management skills necessary to navigate these transitions. Academic leadership in universities is unique, often involving the challenge of leading independent, critically thinking individuals who may resist being led. Additionally, the individualistic nature of academic merit systems can sometimes complicate the leadership of collaborative efforts. Focusing on the early stages of leadership, particularly the transition from researcher to group leader and beyond, we examine the characteristics of academic leadership at different career phases. Using Bolman and Deal’s (2017) framework, we analyze academic leadership from multiple perspectives: organizational, human resources, political and symbolic. We hope this article sparks further discussion on academic leadership and provides early career researchers with insights to better prepare for evolving leadership roles.