Suomalaisen Lakimiesyhdistyksen aikakauskirja Lakimies on oikeustieteen johtava aikakauskirja, joka ilmestyy kahdeksan kertaa vuodessa. Lehdessä on omat osastot artikkeleita, katsauksia ja pienempiä kirjoituksia, keskustelupuheenvuoroja, oikeuskäytäntöä, kirjallisuutta sekä tiedotuksia varten. Lehti on Julkaisufoorumin tasolla 2, ja sille on myönnetty TSV:n vertaisarviointitunnus.
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin: 20px 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Tämän verkkosivun sisällön tekijä- ja käyttötiedot <p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin: 20px 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Sivustollamme on tekijänoikeuden suojaamaa aineistoa. Aineisto lisensoidaan alla olevan Kopiosto-lisenssin ehdoin: <p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin: 20px 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Verkkosivun tekijänoikeudenhaltija © Suomalainen Lakimiesyhdistys ja kirjoittajat <ul style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> Tekstit Useita tekijöitä. Tekijätiedot merkitty aineiston yhteyteen. <ul style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> Kuvat Useita tekijöitä. Tekijätiedot merkitty aineiston yhteyteen. <ul style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> Miten sivuston sisältöä saa käyttää? <p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin: 20px 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Tekijänoikeuslaki sallii julkistetun teoksen kopioimisen yksityiseen käyttöön, lyhyiden lainausten tekemisen sekä muun kuin videoiden ja näytelmäteosten esittämisen opetuksessa. Lisätietoa siitä, mitä tekijänoikeuslaki sallii, löydät täältä. <ul style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> Kuva- ja tekstisisällöt: <p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin: 20px 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Kuva- ja tekstiaineistoa saat tulostaa ja kopioida vapaasti henkilökohtaiseen käyttöön. Opetus- ja työkäyttöön saat tulostaa, jakaa ja kopioida sisältöä Kopioston kopiointiluvan ehtojen mukaisesti. <p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin: 20px 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Kopioitko sivustolta kuva- tai tekstisisältöjä opetus- tai muuhun työkäyttöön? Raportoi kopioimasi sisältö Kopiostolle tällä raportointilomakkeella. <p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin: 20px 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Muunlaiseen sisällön käyttöön, muokkaamiseen ja jakamiseen liittyen ota yhteyttä sivuston oikeudenhaltijaan. <p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin: 20px 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin: 20px 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Lakimiesyhdistys ei hyväksy kirjoitusten rinnakkaistallentamista, vaan yliopistot ja kirjastot voivat lisätä tietokantoihinsa suoran linkin journal.fi-palveluun. <p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin: 20px 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin: 20px 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin: 20px 0px 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
Tulevien sukupolvien oikeudet ja sosiaaliturvajärjestelmän taloudellinen kestävyys
Lakimies-aikakauskirjan parhaan kirjoituksen palkinto 2025 The rights of future generations and the economic sustainability of social security systems In recent years, the rights of future generations, and, more broadly, intergenerational justice, have increasingly become the subject of legal debate and research. This has been influenced above all by the emergence of so-called climate change litigation. So far, however, the rights of future generations have not been sufficiently discussed within other branches of law. The aim of this article is to answer the question of how the rights of not-yet-born future generations could – and should – be taken into account in today's social basic and human rights doctrine. It is argued, first, that securing the rights of future generations is not about defining the scope and level of future social security benefits, but, rather, ensuring that by avoiding excessive public debt future generations have the freedom and opportunity to define them themselves. Second, it is argued that even though it is difficult to evaluate the excessiveness of public debt and its impact on the “freedom rights” of future generations, different macroeconomic imbalance criteria serve as a good starting point. Finally, the anchoring of the justification of economic sustainability additionally to the rights of future generations lends it more normative force than mere macroeconomic arguments.
Copyright (c) 2025 © Suomalainen Lakimiesyhdistys ja kirjoittajat
Sopimusvelvoitteiden määrittely monimutkaisessa projektiallianssissa, esimerkkinä rakennusurakka
Lakimies-aikakauskirjan nuorten kirjoittajien palkinto 2025 Defining obligations in complex project alliances: the example of construction In this paper, I study ways to restrict contractual uncertainties resulting from flexible contract terms and the incomplete nature of project alliance contracts. In the existing contractual environment, contracts need to be flexible and dynamic. A project alliance contract is a highly dynamic contract model in which many of the contractual obligations are defined after the parties have signed the contract document. However, the prevailing concept of a contract is still static and strives for completeness. Consequently, dynamic contracts such as project alliance contracts are incompatible with the prevailing concept, which may lead to challenges when enforcing and interpreting them. Therefore, I examine how project alliance contracts and the prevailing concept of a contract should be developed to diminish the gap between them. Based on 13 expert interviews, I observed how parties define their contractual obligations during the contract period and analysed the material in the framework of relational contract theory, theories of incomplete contracting and the functional contracting approach. It seems that formal contracts have a vital role in creating the structures and rules for the parties’ contractual relationship. These structures enable the parties to build dynamic and open co-operation, which is vital in a successful project alliance. To avoid the contractual insecurities resulting from a highly dynamic contract model, I suggest that parties use tools provided by the functional contracting approach to recognise issues essential to their contractual relationship, and use applicable contractual instruments to agree on those issues. Furthermore, I propose that the concept of a contract should be refined to recognise the evolving nature of long-term contracts. When interpreting contracts that emphasise co-operation, the parties’ commitment to co-operation should be underlined instead of detailed obligations, and solutions should be sought taking into consideration what, in each case, is best for the project in question.
Vangit jälkikäteisten oikeusturvakeinojen käyttäjinä
The use of legal remedies by prisoners in Finland In order to have a remedy against violations of their rights or to make sure that they are being treated according to the law – to ensure the accountability of the authorities – individuals must have access to procedures by which they can get the actions of the authorities reviewed. This is particularly important in a closed institution, such as a prison, where outside supervision of the authorities is limited. The objective of the article is to find out how prisoners use the available channels in order to seek legal remedies, what sorts of prisoner use them, and how prisoners’ claims succeed. The viewpoint of the research is thus empirical. The research data includes decisions made by the prison administration, administrative courts, and the Parliamentary Ombudsman (PO), as well as register data on the prisoners who had appealed. According to the results, the background of the prisoners who appealed was for the most part equivalent to the general prisoner population. The study demonstrated that prisoners’ claims succeeded quite rarely in the first instance (the prison administration) and practically not at all in the second instance (administrative court). The main categories of decisions on which prisoners appealed were e.g. disciplinary sanctions and the possession of items. On the other hand, they complained to the PO on issues concerning e.g. their connections to the outside, prison health care and their treatment and conditions in prison. The systems did not seem to be largely overlapping, i.e., in most issues the prisoners seemed to settle for a decision made by one of the bodies.
Pelastuslain yleinen toimintavelvollisuus
Valta, sen jakaminen, ja parlamentarismi: PL 3 §:stä Walter Bagehotin valossa
Power, its separation, and parliamentarism: On Section 3 of the Finnish Constitution and Walter Bagehot The article examines the separation of powers in section 3 of the Finnish Constitution (1999). The author claims that the principle of parliamentarism that was enshrined in that provision factually creates the constitutional foundation for a strong cabinet government, i.e., the nominal executive, which leads and manages legislative work leaving the Parliament, i.e., the nominal legislature, the task of merely visualizing political mechanisms that are secondary in relation to democracy. The arguments presented are theoretically framed with a reading of Walter Bagehot’s observations on the English constitution.
Kattava esitys henkilökohtaisen tulon verotuksesta
Election of a municipal official in the 21st Century The problems that could arise when a local council, local executive or local authority committee has the right to appoint a municipal official (civil servant) are presented and discussed in this article. In such cases a municipal multimember organ makes the decision, which is referred to as the municipal official election. However, there is no legislation or other authority that would specify or explain why the municipal official election is used as a means of decision-making. There is a long history of using elections when choosing representatives to political office, but the issue here lies in the filling of a civil service position. Municipal autonomy and a municipality’s right to select its employees must be taken into consideration. According to section 45(2)(2) of the Administrative Procedure Act (434/2003), a statement of reasons need not be supplied, if the decision pertains to an election carried out by a municipal multimember body. However, every applicant is entitled to receive a reasoned decision as it is a basic right, and therefore there is a contradiction between provisions. Furthermore, pursuant to section 125(2) of the Finnish Constitution of (731/1999), the general qualifications for a public office are skill, ability and proven civic merit. The scope of the general qualifications has been extended to municipalities, which has affected the municipal appointments procedure. Hence, in every municipal official election the general qualifications must be taken into account. Due to this, all the candidates have to be evaluated and compared to one another, and in addition, their merits have to be considered. Therefore, it is evident that the evaluation and comparison affect the decision-making. Thus, every municipal official election should be reasoned, as this guarantees due process to all the applicants and emphasizes objectiveness and openness. All the candidates who have the requisite qualifications for the position can be elected. However, to define what is meant by qualifications is a complex issue. The problem lies in the interpretation of the term and, for instance, it remains unclear whether the general qualifications are included in the definition. In conclusion, the municipal official election procedure is valid in itself, but its interpretation should be clearly defined and updated due to the changes in the legislation.
Lääkinnällisen laitteen luokitteleminen lääkkeeksi: KHO 2014:32
Lähisuhdeväkivalta näkymättömästä näkökulmaksi
Perusoikeuksien tunnistaminen ja niiden sisällön määritteleminen Suomen perusoikeusjärjestelmässä
The scope of explicit and implied fundamental rights under the Finnish Constitution It is useful to distinguish the structure of fundamental rights from their substance. The latter concerns the content and parameters of particular rights that exist in a constitutional system. The former concerns the underlying framework that applies to, organizes and shapes fundamental rights analysis as a whole within that system. The article looks at that framework. It discusses what the general conception of a fundamental right within the Finnish Constitution is and how that conception relates to the limits of fundamental rights. The article focuses especially on the question on what types of law are governed by and subordinated to fundamental rights. The article is based on assumption that, in addition to explicit fundamental rights, the Finnish Constitution permits also the use of implied fundamental rights. The article discusses the mechanisms how implied fundamental rights can be derived from explicit fundamental rights in Finnish law. The article concludes that greater focus on the structure of fundamental rights is needed in order to understand why and how the Constitution is a living document.
Toteutuvatko lainvalmistelun ihanteet käytännössä?
Are the ideals of law drafting being fulfilled in practice? The purpose of the article is to describe and analyse the viewpoint of individual law drafters as regards the quality of rule-making. The analysis is linked to present-day research findings and the discussion concerning the role of law drafting in modern society. Additionally, the article will attempt to determine whether or not the predominant rational model can be observed in the practical work of the law drafters. The data of the study consists of a series of essay answers written by law drafters themselves. They were asked to reflect on several key aspects of the law-making process based on their experiences. The data is analysed using a qualitative research method. The rational model of law drafting is built on an ideal of allocating available limited resources as effectively as possible. It is based on a rational decision-making process that splits law drafting into six different stages. At the centre stage of the process stands the individual law drafter who, the model assumes, possesses the capability and the opportunity to influence the process of law drafting. The result of the analysis suggests the law drafters do not seem to fit into the ideal model of rational law drafting. An individual official does not appear to have much control over the aims or the realisation of the laws he or she is drafting. It can be thus concluded that the actual law drafting process is much closer to the alternative institutionalist-realistic model.
Millainen on Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuimen rooli nykyisin? Kelpo katsaus nykytutkimukseen
Työnantajan maksamat koulutuskustannukset työntekijän tuloverotuksessa – KHO 2014:161
Ennustuksia tulevasta vai katsauksia jo olevasta?
Lakivaraukset Suomen perusoikeusjärjestelmässä
Express restrictions of fundamental rights in the Finnish Constitution The fundamental rights provisions in the Constitution cannot be absolute, at least in general terms, so that they could not be restricted in any way, manner or form. Several sections of the Constitution contain an express provision on restriction, defining the constitutional criteria that must be met in the restriction of the right in question. For instance, the right of everyone to leave the country can be restricted by an Act of Parliament, in so far as necessary for the safeguarding of legal proceedings, the enforcement of penalties or the fulfilment of the duty of national defence. Similar restrictions have been incorporated e.g. in the basic rights provisions governing the sanctity of the home and the secrecy of confidential communications. This article studies how the express restriction provisions on fundamental rights are applied under the general provisions of the Constitution. The article analyses the dialectics between constitutional provisions and ordinary Acts of Parliament. It introduces two concepts, strong and weak constitutional dialectics, which can be used for the systematisation of the relationship between the Constitution and an ordinary Act of Parliament.
Suppea tulkinta korkeimman hallinto-oikeuden oikeuskäytännössä
Restrictive interpretation in the case-law of the Finnish Supreme Administrative Court The article looks at the case-law of the Supreme Administrative Court, especially the cases in which the Court has used restrictive interpretation. In addition, attention is given to expansive interpretation and analogical interpretation and on a general level to the other well-established methods of legal interpretation. The case material has been collected from the FINLEX database using certain keywords, for example ”restrictive” and ”expansive”. There are about 200 examined cases, of which about 130 deal with restrictive interpretation. In the beginning, the doctrine of legal interpretation and the models of interpretation are considered. Normally restrictive interpretation means the interpretation of a rule in the light of its main linguistic content. The analysis shows that a restrictive interpretation is in the case-law a fairly common method. Especially the restrictive interpretation of an exception rule is well established (exceptio est strictissimae interpretationis). The expansive interpretation means the interpretation of a rule in the light of its content understood in a broad sense. An interpretation which is more restrictive or expansive than the linguistic formulation of a rule is by nature a law-creating activity. In most of the analysed legal cases the question has been of the restrictive interpretation of an exception rule. Normally the Court has also mentioned separately the requirement of restrictive interpretation. It has been usual that the Court has applied several methods of legal interpretation in one and the same case. Linguistic interpretation often preceded the restrictive interpretation. In many cases, there has been a combination of restrictive and historical interpretation. The interpretation of the law in accordance with the Constitution has easily led to restrictive interpretation, especially when the question has been of the application of a fundamental right. The situation has been particularly challenging in cases in which the question has been of the interpretative constructing of a new legal rule via the application of law.
Oikeussuoja hankintalakien ulkopuolelle jäävissä hankinnoissa
KHO 2014:66 – Johdon holdingyhtiö verotuksessa
Kotiranta, Kai. Sisäpiirintiedon syntyminen. Kontekstuaalinen tulkinta.
Kollisionratkaisunormien kollisio: kiinteistön luovutus ja vuokrasopimuksen sitovuus
Conflict of collision resolution norms: Enforceability of tenancy as against a transferee of land When title to land is transferred from one person (transferor) to another (transferee), a conflict may arise, if the transferor has leased a building on the transferred piece of land to a third person (tenant) before the transfer. In such cases, it has to be decided if the tenancy is enforceable as against the transferee. There are provisions addressing this question in three statutes: the Code of Real Estate, the Act on Residential Leases and the Act on Commercial Leases. The Code of Real Estate is applicable to all transfers of land, the Act on Residential Leases is applicable to leases for residential purposes and the Act on Commercial Leases in applicable to leases for other than residential purposes. Consequently, the Code of Real Estate and one of the lease acts are often applicable at the same time. Furthermore, the provisions of the Code of Real Estate on one hand and the provisions of the lease acts on the other hand are often in conflict with each other. The purpose of the article is to resolve this normative conflict. According to the Code of Real Estate, a lease is a registrable special right, and all registrable special rights established prior to a transfer are enforceable as against the transferee. A transferee can take land free of a registrable right only if he or she did not know nor should have known of the right at the time of the transfer and he or she applies for registration of title before the holder of the special right applies for registration of his or her right. However, according to the lease acts, it is not relevant what the transferee knew or should have known, but a lease is enforceable against a transferee if one of three conditions is met: if the tenant has taken possession of the premises before the transfer takes place; if the contract between the transferee and the transferor contains a provision on the permanence of the lease agreement; or if the lease right has been registered. A conflict of norms is often resolved by giving precedence to a more specific norm (lex specialis derogat legi generali) or to a later norm (lex posterior derogat legi priori). The conflict at hand should not be resolved applying one of these maxims mechanically, but by looking into different situations in which these norms seem to be in conflict. In most cases, the norms can be reconciled by way of interpretation which takes into account the objectives of the norms and their historical background. In other cases, systematic reasons and policy considerations support giving precedence to the provisions of the Code of Real Estate.
Pakottavasti säänneltyjen tosiasiaperusteiden tutkiminen siviiliprosessissa
Johdatus oikeudellisten konstruktioiden kinetiikkaan
Klemetti, Sanna-Maria. Oikeudellisten konstruktioiden kinetiikka. Rakenneanalyyttinen tutkimus.
Copyright (c) 2021 © Suomalainen Lakimiesyhdistys ja kirjoittajat
Copyright (c) 2022 © Suomalainen Lakimiesyhdistys ja kirjoittajat