Tiede tienristeyksessä

Boris Hessen ja marxilaisen tieteenhistorian lupaus

Kirjoittajat

• Jouni Huhtanen Oulun yliopisto

DOI: https://doi.org/10.55294/tk.127545

Avainsanat:

Boris Hessen, George Clark, historiografia, marxilainen tieteenhistoria, tieteensosiologia, tieteentutkimus

Abstrakti

Artikkelissa tutkitaan marxilaisen tieteenhistorian alkuna pidetyn neuvostoliittolaisen fyysikon Boris Hessenin (1893–1936) 1930-luvulla esittämien teesien tieteenhistoriallista painoarvoa suhteessa Hessenin teesin ensimmäisiin arvostelijoihin lukeutuneen englantilaisen George Clarkin (1890–1979) esittämään kritiikkiin ja pohditaan lopuksi Hessenin asemaa tieteenhistorian kentällä. Clarkin mukaan marxilaisen tieteenhistorian ongelmana oli se, että se katsoi tieteen ratkaisevan kaikki teknologian asettamat ongelmat kehittämiensä teoreettisten mallien avulla. Tieteen kehitys edelsi tällöin aina teknologian kehitystä. Tosiasiassa Hessenin teesi painotti päinvastaista lähtökohtaa ja pyrki selittämään tieteen ajallisen kehityksen yhteiskunnallisten, taloudellisten ja tuotannollisten muutosten avulla. Tämä johti myöhemmin internalismin ja eksternalismin välisenä kiistana tunnettuun väittelyyn. Artikkeli puolustaa Hessenin teesin perusteita ja väittää, että teesillä oli Clarkin kritiikistä huolimatta merkittävä asema 1930-luvulla aluillaan olleen tieteensosiologian kehityksessä.

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