Style Guide

 

Formatting

References (including archival references) must be indicated within the text, for instance (Virtanen 1999, 36) and not appear as footnotes or endnotes. Notes in the form of footnotes should be used for clarification and discussion.

All manuscripts should have line spacing 1.5. Quotes over 40 words in length should be indented from the left margin. For shorter quotations, double smart quotation marks [“...”] are primarily used. Do not format the text otherwise, except for words that need to be italicized. Do not number subheadings. Place a blank line between paragraphs instead of indenting the first line of the paragraph.

Do not use abbreviations in the body of the text. Abbreviations can be used in footnotes and within parentheses.

If transliteration of Cyrillic letters into Latin alphabet is needed, please follow the British Standard.

 

Use of photographs and other supporting material

The use of photographs, maps, and other supporting material is encouraged. Photographs are not to be inserted in the text file, but uploaded as supplementary files. The preferred locations of photos, figures, and tables should be clearly marked in the text. The titles of tables and legends of photos and figures should be written in a separate file and clearly numbered. Photo credits must always be included in the caption.  Authors who wish to reproduce material, such as images or text, from previously published sources or where copyright is owned by a third party, must obtain written permission (e.g. an email) from the copyright holder.

Photographs accompanying articles that are accepted for publication must be at the resolution of 300 ppi or higher and should be in jpeg or tiff format. Line drawings and maps should be submitted at a resolution of 1200 ppi.

The preferred place of the photograph in the text may be designated by the caption of the photograph, e.g., <Fig. 1 here>. The source of the illustration, name of the photographer, or other indication of the copyright must always be included in the caption of the illustration.

 

Citations in the Text

References to literature are placed in parentheses at the relevant point in the text. Notes in the form of footnotes may be used for clarification and discussion. Citations in the text should be placed after the full stop, although they can also be placed before the full stop if they refer only to a single sentence. Citations should mention the name of the author(s) and year of publication, as well as page numbers in parentheses (Virtanen 1999, 125–135). (See example below.) References to page numbers are not abbreviated (i.e. not 125–35); the abbreviations “p.” and “pp.” are not used. Note that a dash (–) is used with page numbers, as well as with other numbers, instead of a hyphen (-).

One author: Virtanen (1999) or (Virtanen 1999).

Two authors: Fingerroos and Peltonen (2006) or (Fingerroos & Peltonen 2006).

Three or more authors: Include all authors at first mention in text; subsequent references to the same citation should include first author followed by "et al." Include all the author names in the reference list.

Citation of multiple references within parentheses separate them with semicolons: (Virtanen 1999; Fingerroos & Peltonen 2006).

When a publication bears no author's name and is published by a group, government agency, or an association the name of that group may serve as the author in text references or reference lists: (The World Economic Forum 2017).

Two or more works by the same author: (Pink 2007; 2009)

Manuscripts accepted for publication but not yet published: Partanen and Kivinen (in press) or (Partanen & Kivinen, in press).

In case of a second hand reference use (Mead 1928, as cited in Wolf 2011). Both Mead and Wolf then get full entries in the Reference List.

Dictionaries and encyclopedias: (Merriam-Webster Dictionary 2016).

 

References

The list of references or bibliography must be complete and in alphabetical order by first author's surname. Follow the English alphabet instead of e.g. Finnish alphabet. A complete reference includes author, the year of publication, title of work, and publishing information.

Use clarifying subheadings e.g. Archive material(s), Interview material(s), Media material(s), Bibliography.

References by a single author precede multiauthored works by the same author, regardless of date. For works with multiple authors, include the names of all the authors. (See example below.)

List multiple works by the same author(s) chronologically, beginning with earliest date of publication.

"In press" or "forthcoming" citations should have been accepted for publication; the name of the journal or publisher should be included.

References to web pages must always include the date of access. This does not pertain to articles published in journals that have a doi (Digital Object Identifier) number. Please note that it is the responsibility of the author to list the doi (Digital Object Identifier) address to all works to which it has been issued. It is advised by the OJS to list the doi address as a full URL link, for example, <https://doi.org/10.23991/ef.v44i0.59702> instead of the short address containing only of numbers.

Translation of references: the Finnish or Swedish title should be translated into English and the translation placed in square brackets after the title.

Please include relevant information of the sources such as archival codes, time and place of interviews, information about the interviewee (age range, gender), interviewer’s name, media article’s author and publication date, media URN and access information.

Example of listing the fieldwork materials:

Fieldwork material
Interview 1. June 2, 2019, Southern Finland. Male, 40-50 years. Interviewer XX.
Interview 2. June 3, 2019, Northern Finland. Female, 30-40 years. Interviewers XX and YY.
Interview 3. June 4, 2019, Helsinki Region. Female, 60 years. Interviewer.
Field diaries 2016–2017.

If you refer to reprinted material, include the original year of publishing in square brackets. In case of translated work, provide the name of the translator(s).

Foucault, Michel. 2005 [1980]. Tarkkailla ja rangaista. Kääntäjä Eevi Nivanka. Helsinki: Otava.


The reference details should be presented according to the Chicago Manual of Style, author-date system, as follows:

Journal article, single author

Title of article in quotes: capitalize only first letter of first word and proper nouns; end with period. Journal title in italics: capitalize first letter of every major word. Include volume and number of journal issue and pages of article; end with a period. Style for page numbers: 135–139 (not “135–9”); use a long dash. List the doi (Digital Object Identifier) address to all articles to which it has been issued. List the doi address as a full URL link.

Example:

Löfgren, Orvar. 1997. “Scenes from a Troubled Marriage. Swedish Ethnology and Material Culture Studies.” Journal of Material Culture 2 (1): 95–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/135918359700200105.

 

Journal article, multiple authors

Kannike, Anu, and Bardone, Ester. 2017. “Kitchen as a Material and Lived Space.” Ethnologia Fennica 44, 5–22. https://doi.org/10.23991/ef.v44i0.59702.

 

Book chapter:

Title of article in quotes: capitalize only first letter of first word and proper nouns; end with period. Book title in italics: capitalize first letter of every major word. Include name(s) of the editor(s) and pages of article; end with a period. Style for page numbers: 135–139 (not “135–9”); use a long dash. Provide edition and series information if relevant. Cite city/state (U.S.) or city/country (non-U.S.), and publisher (not printer).

Example: 

Korkiakangas, Pirjo, Lappi, Tiina-Riitta, and Niskanen, Heli. 2008. ”Ethnological Glances at Material Culture.” In Touching Things. Ethnological Aspects of Modern Material Culture, edited by Pirjo Korkiakangas, Tiina-Riitta Lappi, and Heli Niskanen, 8–17. Studia Fennica Ethnologica 11. Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society.

 

Monographs

Title of book in italics: capitalize only first letter of first word and proper nouns; end with period. Provide edition and series information if relevant. Cite city/state (U.S.) or city/country (non-U.S.), and publisher (not printer).

Example: 

Weckström, Lotta. 2011. Representations of Finnishness in Sweden. Studia Fennica Linguistica 16. Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society.

 

Book published by an organization, association, or corporation as "author"

Nordic Council of Ministers. 1994. Women and Men in the Nordic Countries. Facts and Figures 1994. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers.

 

Online publications without a doi link

Include date of access and the urn link.

Example:

World Economic Forum. The Global Gender Gap Report 2017. Accessed August 29, 2018. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2017.pdf

 

Newspaper articles

Title of the article in quotes. Newspaper title in italics. Include date of the publication and page(s) of article; end with a period. Style for page numbers: 135–139 (not “135–9”); use a long dash.

Example:

Vihavainen, Suvi. 2016. “Pehmolelu kannustaa leikkimään.” Helsingin Sanomat March 5, A18.

 

Encyclopedias and dictionaries are listed by title, not by editor

Merriam-Webster Dictionary. “The Word of the Year 2014: Culture.” Accessed January 28, 2016. http://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/2014-word-of-the-year/culture.