Israelin sotilasmiehityksen ytimessä

Luonnonvarat, aseteollisuus ja poliittiset vangit

Kirjoittajat

• Raija-Leena Punamäki-Gitai Tampereen yliopisto https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-3073

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70483/kp.145803

Avainsanat:

kidutusmenetelmät, miehitetyt palestiinalaisalueet, myrkkymetallit, uuden sukupolven aseteknologia, vesivarat

Abstrakti

Tämä artikkeli tarkastelee Lähi-idän konfliktia kuvaamalla kolmea ilmiötä, jotka liittyvät sotilasmiehityksen alaisuudessa elävien palestiinalaisten päivittäiseen elämään Länsirannalla ja Gazassa. Ensimmäinen kytkeytyy veden ja muiden luonnonvarojen hallintaan. Palestiinalaisalueilla veden saatavuus alittaa kansainväliset minimisuositukset, ja juomaveden laatu on huono. Pohjavesien käyttöoikeudet Länsirannalla perustuvat Oslon sopimukseen, ja Gazan vaikea vedensaantitilanne liittyy 17 vuotta kestäneeseen sotilas- ja taloussaartoon. Palestiinalaishallinnot pyrkivät rajoituksista huolimatta takaamaan väestön vedensaannin muun muassa soveltamalla moderneja puhdistusmenetelmiä. Toiseksi kyse on Israelin sotaoperaatioissa käyttämien myrkkymetallien, kuten lyijyn, köyhdytetyn uraanin ja valkoisen fosforin, inhimillisistä seurauksista. Erityisesti raskaana olevien naisten terveys on vaarassa, ja myrkkymetalleille altistuminen on yhteydessä keskosuuden, synnynnäisten epämuodostumien ja varhaislapsuuden kehitysongelmien lisääntymiseen Gazassa. Kolmas tärkeä ilmiö on sotilasmiehityksen vastustaminen ja palestiinalaisten kansallinen itsenäisyystaistelu. Israel pyrkii nujertamaan vastarinnan kollektiivisten rankaisujen, pidätysten ja vangitsemisten avulla. Poliittiset vangit selviytyvät vankila- ja kidutuskokemuksista käyttämällä monipuolisia ideologisia, psykososiaalisia ja kulttuurisia selviytymiskeinoja. Artikkeli pyrkii syventämään ymmärrystä sotien ja miehitysten taloudellisista päämääristä, sotatoimien välttämättömyydestä osana tehokasta aseteollisuutta sekä konfliktin palestiinalaisen osapuolen tavoitteista.

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