Etymology of the Udmurt enimitive uk and grammaticalization of discourse particles

Kirjoittajat

• Timofey Arkhangelskiy Universität Hamburg https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-0139

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33340/susa.124663

Avainsanat:

Udmurt, discourse particles, etymology, grammaticalization, enimitive

Abstrakti

This paper deals with the etymology of the Udmurt enimitive marker uk. Contrary to the existing etymologies, which claim uk to be either a Chuvash or a Tatar borrowing, I claim that it was in fact grammaticalized from a tag question construction, which involves a negative verb and a question particle. This is supported by early written sources and dialectal data. Casting the net in a diachronically and geographically diverse variety of sources allows one to find traces of earlier grammaticalization stages that support my claim. Given that there are conceptually very similar enimitive constructions in the Samoyedic languages, negative interrogatives may prove to be an important grammaticalization source for the enimitive markers. Apart from uk, I examine several other cognate particles, which apparently were formed in a similar way.

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