Preschool teachers’ reflections of their leadership – personal, professional and positional perspectives

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58955/jecer.153343

Keywords:

dialogue seminar, preschool teacher, leadership, reflection

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate preschool teachers' insights into their leadership role, drawing on individual and collective reflections generated during dialogue seminars. Given the complexity of the preschool teacher's leadership, which is shaped by interactions with others and varies across contexts, the study emphasises the personal, professional and positional perspectives of leadership (Saarukka, 2015, 2017; Sergiovanni, 2001). Dialogue seminars (Hammarén, 1999) were used to elicit preschool teachers’ reflections on leadership, and research interviews (Kvale & Brinkman, 2014) were conducted to further explore these insights. The findings show that the participating preschool teachers developed greater self-awareness and a deeper understanding of their leadership identities. They also came to view their leadership in relation to children, guardians and colleagues, highlighting the personal, professional and positional perspectives of the complex leadership role in preschool education. Finally, participation in the dialogue seminars left teachers feeling confirmed and validated in their leadership role. This is particularly relevant in the Swedish context, where preschool teachers are facing increasing responsibilities and therefore require a renewed understanding of what what leadership entails. The main implication of the study is a need for structured opportunities within preschool teacher education and professional development for teachers to reflect on and articulate their leadership identity. Such initiatives can strengthen their ability to meet the increased pedagogical responsibilities mandated by policy documents.

References

Aastvedt Halland, S., & Kristoffersen Winje, A. (2022). "Jeg kunne like gjerne vært en assistent" – En studie av nyutdannede barnehagelæreres posisjonering i barnehagen ["I could just as easily have been an assistant" – A study of newly qualified kindergarten teachers' positioning in kindergarten]. Nordisk barnehageforskning, 19(3), 116–128. https://doi.org/10.23865/nbf.v19.286

Abrandt Dahlgren, M., Richardson, B., & Kalman, H. (2004). Redefining the reflective practitioner. In J. Higgs, B. Richardson, & M. Abrandt Dahlgren (Eds.), Developing Practice Knowledge for Health Professionals (pp. 15–33). Elsevier Science.

Avby, G. (2016). Att genom reflektion organisera för en medveten och kunskapsrik praktik [To organize through reflection for a conscious and knowledgeable practice]. Pedagogisk forskning i Sverige, 21(3–4), 261–281. https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-31206

Beattie, L. (2021). New Directions in Leadership in the Field of Preschool Education. OMEP Research Update, No 153. https://omep.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/153.pdf

Bladini, K., & Buskqvist, (2020). Metahandledning - för att kvalificera professionshandledning [Meta-supervision - to qualify professional supervision]. In E. Amundsdotter & U. Leo. (Eds.), Perspektiv på handledning för ledare i förskola och skola [Perspectives on supervision for leaders in preschool and school] (pp. 83–102). Gleerups.

Bøe, M., & Hognestad, K. (2014). Knowledge development through hybrid leadership practices. Nordic Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 8(6), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.7577/nbf.492

Bøe, M., & Hognestad, K. (2016). Care as everyday staff leadership. Journal of Early Childhood Education Research, 5(2), 329–343. https://journal.fi/jecer/article/view/114064

Catucci, E. (2021). Undervisningsuppdraget i förskolan ur ett didaktiskt perspektiv [The teaching assignment in preschool from a didactic perspective]. [Doctoral Dissertation, Mälardalen University]. http://urn.kb.se/rsolve?urnurn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55720

Chalikandy, M. A. (2014). Reflection: A tool for professional development. Researchers World, 5(3), 117–124. https://scispace.com/papers/reflection-a-tool-for-professional-development-fkclfkamp5

Cooper, M. (2023). Teachers grappling with a teacher-leader identity: complexities and tensions in early childhood education. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 26(1), 54–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2020.1744733

Day, C. (2000). Effective leadership and reflective practice. Reflective practice, 1(1), 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/713693134

Denscombe, M. (2018). Forskningshandboken – för småskaliga forskningsprojekt inom samhällsvetenskaperna [The research handbook – for small-scale research projects in the social sciences]. (4th ed.). Studentlitteratur.

Dewey, J. (1997). How we think (Original work published 1910). Dover Publications.

Dewey, J. (1999). Demokrati och utbildning [Democracy and education]. Daidalos.

Douglass, A. L. (2019). Leadership for Quality Early Childhood Education and Care. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 211. OECD Education Working Papers. https://doi.org/10.1787/6e563bae-en

Dreyfus, H. L., & Dreyfus, S. E. (1980). A Five-Stage Model of the Mental Activities Involved in Directed Skill Acquisition. University of California, Berkeley. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/TR/ADA084551

Dreyfus, H. L., & Dreyfus, S. E. (2000). Mind Over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer. Free Press.

Eldh, A. C., Årestedt, L., & Berterö, C. (2020). Quotations in Qualitative Studies: Reflections on Constituents, Custom, and Purpose. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920969268

Eriksson, A. (2014). Förskollärarens förtydligade ansvar – en balansgång mellan ett demokratiskt förhållningssätt och att utöva yrkeskunskap [The Preschool Teacher’s Clarified Responsibility – Balancing a Democratic Approach and Exercising Professional Knowledge]. Nordisk barnehageforskning, 7(7), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.7577/nbf.576

Eriksson, A. (2015). Förskollärarens ansvar: från självpåtaget till pålagt och delvis legitimerat [The preschool teacher's responsibility: from self-imposed to imposed and partially licensed]. Pedagogisk Forskning i Sverige, 20(1–2), 8–32. https://open.lnu.se/index.php/PFS/article/view/1405/1249

Eriksson, A., Svensson, A-K., & Beach, D. (2018). Reformimplementering i förskolepraktik: Ett exempel på hur förskollärarens ansvar har tolkats och omsatts av förskolechefer och arbetslag [Reform implementation in preschool practice: An example of how the preschool teacher's responsibilities have been interpreted and implemented by preschool managers and work teams]. Nordisk Tidskrift för Allmän Didaktik, 4(2), 59–75. http://urn.kb.se/re-solve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-13267

Eriksson-Zetterquist, U., & Ahrne, G. (2016). Intervjuer [Interviews]. In G. Ahrne & P. Svensson (Eds.), Handbok i Kvalitativa metoder [Handbook of Qualitative Methods]. (2nd ed., pp. 34–54). Liber.

Ezra, E. (2010). Det goda mötet [The good meeting]. Norstedts.

Fejes, A., & Thornberg, R. (2019). Handbok i kvalitativ analys [Handbook of qualitative analysis]. (2nd ed.). Liber.

Frid, I. (2004). Att ta del av en berättelse – en resa mot okänt mål [Taking part in a story – a journey towards an unknown goal]. In C. Scott (Ed.), Berättelsens teori och praktik – narrativ forskning i ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv [The theory and practice of the story – narrative research in a hermeneutic perspective] (pp. 117–127). Studentlitteratur.

Gadamer, H. (1997). Sanning och metod: i urval [Truth and Method: In Selection]. Daidalos.

Gardell, J. (1992). En komikers uppväxt [A comedian's upbringing]. Norstedts.

General Data Protection Regulation. (2016/679). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council.

Griffiths, V. (2000). The reflective dimension in teacher education. International Journal of Educational Research, 33(5), 539–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-0355(00)00033-1

Hammarén, M. (1995). Skriva – en metod för reflektion [Writing – a method of reflection]. Utbildningsförlaget Brevskolan.

Hammarén, M. (1999). Ledtråd i förvandling: om att skapa en reflekterande praxis [Clues in transformation: on creating a reflective practice]. Dialoger.

Hammarén, M. (2018). Det är något speciellt med exempel [There is something special about examples]. In L. Victor Tillberg (Ed.), Uppdrag Militär - Perspektiv på militärt yrkeskunnande [Mission Military - Perspectives on Military Professionalism] (pp. 87–100). Santérus förlag.

Heggvold, G. I. (2025). Metarefleksivitet som forankring for ledelse i læring - Pedagogiske lederes og assistenters perspektiver på ledelse i læring i barnehagepraksis [Meta-reflexivity as an Anchor for Leadership in Learning: Pedagogical Leaders’ and Assistants’ Perspectives on Leadership in Learning in Preschool Practice]. [Doctoral Dissertation, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet]. https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3205917

Heikka, J., Pitkäniemi, H., Kettukangas, T., & Hyttinen, T. (2021). Distributed pedagogical leadership and teacher leadership in early childhood education contexts. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 24(3), 333–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2019.1623923

Heikkinen, K.- M., Ahtiainen, R., Fonsén, E., & Kallioniemi, A. (2024). Leadership as a profession in early childhood education and care. Educational Research, 66(3), 347–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2024.2371352

Hildén, E., & Löfdahl Hultman, A. (2023). Ledarskap i förändring och behov av ett ansvarsfullt ledarskap som begrepp för framtidens förskola [Leadership in change and the need for responsible leadership as a concept for the preschool of the future]. Kapet, 19(1), 1–17. https://kau.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1751891/FULLTEXT01.pdf

Hujala, E., Waniganayake, M., & Rodd, J. (2013). Researching Leadership in Early Childhood Education. Tampere University Press.

Irisdotter Aldenmyr, S., & Hartman, S. (2009). Yrkesetik för lärare och behovet av professionsförankring [Professional Ethics for Teachers and the Need for Professional Anchoring]. Pedagogisk forskning i Sverige, 14(3), 212–229. https://publicera.kb.se/pfs/article/view/53115

Jacobsson, K., & Skansholm, A. (2019). Handbok I uppsatsskrivande – för utbildningsvetenskap [Handbook In Essay Writing - for Educational Sciences]. Studentlitteratur.

Kahila, S., Heikka, J., & Sajaniemi, N. (2020). Teacher leadership in the context of early childhood education: Concepts, characteristics and enactment. Southeast Asia Early Childhood Journal, 9(1), 28–43. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1272229

Kansanen, P. (1993). An outline for a Modell Teachers´ Pedagogical Thinking. In P. Kansanen (Ed.), Discussions on Some Educational Issues IV (pp. 51–67). Research Report 121.

Kvale, S., & Brinkman, S. (2014). Den kvalitativa forskningsintervjun [The qualitative research interview]. (3rd ed.). Studentlitteratur.

Larsdotter Bodin, U., & Lundqvist, J. (2020). En god utbildning för alla: En litteraturstudie om reflektionsverktyg som kan understödja utveckling av inkluderande förskolor [A good education for all: A literature study on reflection tools that can support the development of inclusive preschools]. Utbildning och Lärande, 14(1), 87–102. https://du.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1472654

Larsdotter Bodin, U. (2024). Understanding Preschool Teachers’ Pedagogical Leadership Through Individual and Collective Reflection [Paper presentation]. European Early Childhood Education Research Association (EECERA) Conference 2024, Brighton, England.

Larsen, A. K., & Dalén, H. (2018). Metod helt enkelt: en introduktion till samhällsvetenskaplig metod [Method simply: an introduction to social science method]. Gleerups.

Lindgren, A. (2020). Pippi Långstrump i Söderhavet [Pippi Longstocking in the South Seas]. Rabén & Sjögren.

Lundqvist, J., & Larsdotter Bodin, U. (2018). Inclusive Classroom Profile (ICP): a cultural validation and investigation of its perceived usefulness in the context of the Swedish preschool. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 25(3), 411–427, https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1555867

Male, T., & Palaiologou, I. (2011). Learning-centred leadership or pedagogical leadership? An alternative approach to leadership in education contexts. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 15(1), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2011.617839

Mollberger Hedqvist, G., & Sahlin, B, (2016). BILDNING i utbildningens tid [EDUCATION in the Age of Education]. Frisystras förlag.

Murray, J., & Clark, R. M. (2013). Reframing leadership as a participative pedagogy: the working theories of early years professionals. Early Years, 33(3), 289–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2013.781135

Nehez, J., Blossing, U., Gyllander Torkildsen, L., Lander, R., & Olin, A. (2022). Middle leaders translating knowledge about improvement: Making change in the school and preschool organisation. Journal of Educational Change, 23, 315–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-021-09418-2

Palaiologou, I., & Male, T. (2019). Leadership in early childhood education: The case for pedagogical praxis. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 20(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1463949118819100

Polanyi, M. (1983). The tacit dimension (Originally published 1966). Peter Smith.

Pröckl, M. (2023). Bildandet av professionellt omdöme: om den levda kroppen som utgångspunkt och resurs [The formation of professional judgement: on the lived body as starting point and resource]. Högre Utbildning, 13(2), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.23865/hu.v13.5304

Ratkić, A. (2006). Dialogseminariemetodens forskningsmiljö [The dialogue seminar method's research environment]. KTH Royal Institute of Technology. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:10237/FULLTEXT01.pdf

Ribaeus, K., Enochsson, A-B., & Löfdahl Hultman, A. (2020). Student teachers’ professional development: early practice and horizontal networks as ways to bridge the theory-practice gap. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 43(1), 2–16. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10901027.2020.1797956

Riddersporre, B., & Stier, J. (2021). Förskollärares pedagogiska ledarskap [Preschool teachers' pedagogical leadership]. Studentlitteratur.

Saarukka, S. (2015). Components influencing principals’ leadership. In M. Uljens (Ed.) Pedagogiskt ledarskap – teori, forskning och skolutveckling [Educational leadership – theory, research and school development] (pp. 141–162). Åbo Akademi University, Pedagogics and Social Welfare Studies, 38. https://research.abo.fi/sv/publications/pedagogiskt-ledarskap-teori-forskning-och-skolutvecklingeducation/

Saarukka, S. (2017). Understanding School Principals’ Leadership. [Doctoral Dissertation, Åbo Akademi University]. https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-12-3569-6

Sahlin, B. (2010). Specialpedagogiskt samtalsledarskap [Special Needs Educational Conversation Leadership]. In R. Helldin, & B. Sahlin (Eds.), Etik i specialpedagogisk verksamhet [Ethics in special education activities] ( pp. 73–97). Studentlitteratur.

Sergiovanni, T. J. (2001). Leadership – What´s in it for schools? Routledge/Falmer.

Sisson, J. H., Lash, M., Shin, A.-M., & Whitington, V. (2024). Co-constructed leadership in early childhood education. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 27(4), 797–819. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2021.191435

Skånfors, L., & Ungerberg, K. (2023). Utbildning borde spela roll – om förskollärares uppdrag att leda [Education should matter – about preschool teachers' mission to lead]. Nordisk barnehageforskning, 20(4), 151–169. https://doi.org/10.23865/nbf.v20.316

Stăncescu, I., Drăghicescu, L. M., Petrescu, A. M. A., & Gorghiu, G. (2019). Reflective practice in the context of teachers’ continuous professional development. Pro Edu. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 1(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2018.1455036

Swedish National Agency for Education (SNAE). (2018). Läroplan För Förskolan Lpfö 18 [Curriculum for Preschool]. Swedish National Agency for Education. https://www.skolverket.se/download/18.6bfaca41169863e6a65d5aa/1553968116077/pdf4001.pdf

Swedish Research Council. (2017). God forskningssed [Electronic resource] (Revised edition). https://www.vr.se/analys/rapporter/vara-rapporter/2017-08 29-god-forskningssed.html

Timperley, H. (2008). Teacher professional learning and development. Educational Practices Series 18. International Academy of Education. http://www.iaoed.org/downloads/EdPractices_18.pdf

Uljens, M. (Ed.) (2015). Pedagogiskt ledarskap - teori, forskning och skolutveckling. Educational leadership - theory, research and school development. Rapport från Fakulteten för pedagogik och välfärdsstudier vid Åbo Akademi Nr 38. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-12-3323-4

Victor Tillberg, L. & Tillberg, P. (2011). Uppdrag chef: åtta militära chefers erfarenheter från internationella operationer [Mission chief: the experiences of eight military commanders from international operations]. Svenskt militärhistoriskt biblioteks förlag.

Wahlström, N. (2023). Läroplansteori och didaktik [Curriculum theory and didactics]. Gleerups.

Zulkifly, N. A., Ismail, I. A., & Asimiran, S. (2020). Collegial and distributed leadership: two sides of the same coin? International Journal of Leadership in Education, 26(3), 538–555. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2020.1804623

Ödman, P. (2007). Tolkning, förståelse, vetande: hermeneutik i teori och praktik [Interpretation, understanding, knowing: hermeneutics in theory and practice]. (2nd ed.). Norstedts akademiska förlag.

Downloads

Published

2026-02-05

Issue

Section

Peer-reviewed articles