Kirkon jäsenyys myöhäisantiikin kirkollisissa kanoneissa

Kirjoittajat

• Harri Huovinen University of Eastern Finland, School of Theology https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0776-9993

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61560/ortodoksia.160850

Avainsanat:

kirkon jäsenyys, kanonit, kristillinen initiaatio, myöhäisantiikki, patristinen

Abstrakti

Tässä artikkelissa selvitetään, miten 200–600-luvuilla kirjoitetuissa kanonisissa säädöksissä kuvaillaan kirkon jäsenyyttä. Tutkimus perustuu yhteentoista keskeiseen, aihetta käsittelevään, kanoniin, jotka on koottu merkittävien kirkolliskokousten tekstikokoelmista sekä muista patristisista lähteistä. Artikkelissa esitetään, että kanonien laatijat rinnastivat kirkon jäsenyyden sekä sakramentaaliseen ja liturgiseen elämään osallistumisen johdonmukaisesti keskenään, jättäen nimellistä jäsenyyttä tai kirkkoon kuulumisen sosiologisia ulottuvuuksia koskevat aiheet huomiotta. He pitivät pitkäaikaista ehtoollisyhteydestä poisjäämistä käytännöllisesti katsoen vapaaehtoisena kirkosta eroamisena. Tämä johti kurinpitotoimiin, joiden myötä asianomaiset pyrittiin palauttamaan kirkon täyteen jäsenyyteen. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan myös kanonien tapaa tehdä ero yhtäältä katolisen kirkon ja toisaalta skismaattisten tai harhaoppisten yhteisöjen välillä. Artikkelissa selvitetään myös, miten kanoneissa säännellään jälkimmäisiin ryhmiin kuuluneiden henkilöiden liittämistä kirkkoon – joissakin tapauksissa kirkon jäsenyyteen ottaminen sallittiin ekonomiaperiaatteen mukaisesti ilman uudelleenkastamista. Lopuksi artikkelissa todetaan, että käsillä olevat myöhäisantiikin näkemykset voivat osoittautua huomionarvoisiksi myös modernin kirkollisen keskustelun kannalta: ne haastavat nykyajalle tyypillisiä käsityksiä passiivisen jäsenyyden mahdollisuudesta, ja korostavat eletyn, sakramentaalisesti ankkuroidun, kirkollisen identiteetin merkitystä, joka voi toteutua erityisesti ortodoksisessa kirkossa.

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