Helsingin lähestymistapa globaaliin poliittiseen talouteen
pluralistinen talousteoria, kriittinen tieteellinen realismi ja metodologinen globalismi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51810/pt.140964Avainsanat:
globaali polittinen talous, talousteoria, yhteiskuntatieteiden filosofia, realismi, pluralismi, metodologinen globalismiAbstrakti
Kansainvälisen poliittisen talouden tutkimus on kriittisen itsereflektion tarpeessa. Merkittävä osa alan tutkijoista on hylännyt Open Economy Politics -viitekehyksen, joka on hallinnut alan pohjoisamerikkalaista tutkimusta viime vuosikymmeninä. Vaikka tuorein tutkimus usein käsittelee oleellisia kysymyksiä kiinnostavilla tavoilla, kansainvälisen poliittisen talouden tutkimuksen kaksi perustavinta puutetta, talousteoretisoinnin vähäisyys ja monien lähestymistapojen filosofinen ohuus, ovat osin korjaamatta. Katsausartikkelissa argumentoimme: 1) Kansainvälisen poliittisen talouden tutkimus ei voi edetä kovinkaan pitkälle käsittelemättä talousteoreettisia kysymyksiä. 2) Vaikka valtavirtainen taloustiede on edelleen suurelta osin eristäytynyt yhteiskuntatieteellisestä poliittisen talouden tutkimuksesta, poliittinen talous voi luontevasti ammentaa oivalluksia ja tutkimushypoteeseja toisista talousteoreettisista perinteistä. 3) Systemaattinen ammentaminen useammasta teoriaperinteestä tai tieteenalasta tuskin onnistuu ilman tehtävään sopivaa metateoreettista viitekehystä, kuten kriittistä tieteellistä realismia tai pragmatismia. 4) Kansainvälisen poliittisen talouden tutkimuksen tulisi valaista ensisijaisesti sellaisia instituutioita, rakenteita, mekanismeja ja prosesseja, jotka ylittävät kansallisvaltioiden rajat ja/tai vähintään osittain ohittavat näiden valtioiden välisen vuorovaikutuksen. Tämän viimeisen näkökohdan pohjalta Helsingissä alaa kutsutaan globaalin poliittisen talouden tutkimukseksi.
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