Fungal species and multiple mycotoxin contamination of cultivated forage crops

Authors

• Galina Kononenko All-Russian Research Institute for Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology
• Alexey Burkin All-Russian Research Institute for Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology
• Olga Gavrilova All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR)
• Tatiana Gagkaeva All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3276-561X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.52313

Keywords:

forages, grasses, legumes, mycotoxins, fungi

Abstract

The quality of grass samples used for animal feed by combining mycotoxin measures and mycological determination of mycobiota were explored. The samples of the plant material were collected in 2014 in two stages: before the first mowing (May–June) and before the second one (July–August) from the fields of stock-farms located in northwestern part of the Russia. All samples were divided into three types: grasses, mixture of different grasses and clover, alfalfa mixed with timothy. The occurrence of aflatoxin B₁, alternariol, citrinin, cyclopiazonic acid, deoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, emodin, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, mycophenolic acid, ochratoxin A, PR-toxin, roridin A, sterigmatocystin, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone were determined using ELISA. The multiple fungal and mycotoxin contaminations are already formed in plant tissues by the moment of first mowing. The complexes of mycotoxins including up to 14–16 components and the combined character of plant contamination quite correspond to the taxonomic variety of mycobiota.