Introduced pathogens found on ornamentals, strawberry and trees in Finland over the past 20 years

Authors

• Arja Lilja Finnish Forest Research Institute, South-Finland unit, P.O. Box 18 FI-01301 Vantaa
• Anna Rytkönen Finnish Forest Research Institute, South-Finland unit, P.O. Box 18 FI-01301 Vantaa
• Jarkko Hantula Finnish Forest Research Institute, South-Finland unit, P.O. Box 18 FI-01301 Vantaa
• Michael Müller Finnish Forest Research Institute, South-Finland unit, P.O. Box 18 FI-01301 Vantaa
• Päivi Parikka MTT, Agrifood Research Finland, FI-31600 Jokioinen
• Timo Kurkela Finnish Forest Research Institute, South-Finland unit, P.O. Box 18 FI-01301 Vantaa

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2137/145960611795163051

Keywords:

Phytophthora, Colletotrichum acutatum,Melampsoridium hiratsukanum, Dothistroma sept-osporum, Chalara fraxinea, plant pathology, climate change

Abstract

The comparative ease and speed of international trade and travel have enabled or enhanced the spread of pests around the globe. For example, trade in ornamental plants has bolstered the spread of alien Oomycetes such as pathogenic species of Phytophthora. To date, four Phytophthora species have been identified in Finland: P. cactorum on Fragaria x ananassa, Betula pendula and Rhododendron spp., P. plurivora on Rhododendron spp. and Syringa vulgaris, and P. pini and P. ramorum on Rhododendron spp. The ascomycete Colletotrichum acutatum, which was listed as a quarantine pathogen by the European Union until 2009, was introduced in 2000 and can survive in plant debris over two winters in Finland. Positive PCR results have also been obtained from bait plants grown in soil collected from locations where diseased Fragaria x ananassa plants had earlier been destroyed. In the mid-1990s, there was an epidemic of foliar rust caused by the Asian basidiomycete Melampsoridium hiratsukanum on Alnus glutinosa and A. incana. Recently, two ascomycetes that have been introduced are Dothistroma septosporum (responsible for red band needle blight on Pinus sylvestris) and Chalara fraxinea (causing ash decline on Fraxinus excelsior).;