Antroposeeni, kapitaloseeni, fossiilikapitalismi: Miksi antroposeenitutkimuksessa pitäisi puhua fossiilikapitalismista?

Sakari Säynäjoki

doi:10.55294/tk.116874

Författare

Sakari Säynäjoki Helsingin yliopisto

Nyckelord:

fossiilikapitalismi, antroposeeni, kapitalismi, fossiilienergia, energiajärjestelmät, ekokatastrofi, ilmastonmuutos, fossiiliset polttoaineet

Abstract

Antroposeenin käsitteen on kritisoitu syyllistävän universaalia ”ihmiskuntaa” ekokatastrofista ja samalla häivyttävän ympäristötuhojen yhteiskunnallista taustaa. Ihmiskunnan sijaan syylliseksi on esitetty kapitalismia, ja keskustelua käydään siksi useimmiten antroposeenin ja kapitaloseenin käsitteiden välillä. Artikkelissa esitetään, että kapitaloseenin näkökulmasta esitetty kritiikki antroposeenia kohtaan ohittaa liiaksi aikamme ekokatastrofin kannalta ratkaisevan tekijän, fossiilienergian ja siihen kytkeytyneen kapitalismin eli fossiilikapitalismin. Artikkelin pääväite on, ettei fossiilikapitalismia kannata analysoida pelkästään kapitalismina yleensä, vaan sitä tulee tutkia myös suhteessa itse fossiilisiin polttoaineisiin. Artikkelissa esitetään fossiilisten polttoaineiden ja kapitalismin erityisestä suhteesta alustava analyysi, joka perustelee väitteen fossiilikapitalismin erityisluonteesta. Ellei erityisluonnetta huomioida, jää tutkimus helposti joko yhteiskunnalliseksi tai tekniseksi eikä yhdistä näitä kahta puolta. Antroposeeni vs. kapitaloseeni -debatin tulisi siksi keskittyä tarkemmin juuri fossiilikapitalismiin.

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