The content of dietary fiber, amino acids, dihydroxyphenols and some macro- and micronutrients in grain of conventionally and organically grown common wheat, spelt wheat and proso millet

Authors

• Cezary A Kwiatkowski University of Life Sciences, Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin
• Małgorzata Haliniarz 1University of Life Sciences, Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin
• Marta Tomczyńska-Mleko University of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin
• Stanisław Mleko University of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Human Nutrition and Food Commodity Science, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin
• Małgorzata Kawecka-Radomska University of Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Development, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin

DOI: https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.50953

Keywords:

cereals, grain chemical composition, conventional system, organic system

Abstract

The effects of conventional and organic farming system on some quality parameters of grains were studied in winter and spring common wheat, spelt wheat and proso millet. Under organic farming conditions, spelt wheat was characterized by the most favorable grain chemical composition (essential amino acids index [EAAI] 85.3, o-dihydroxyphenol 2.00 g kg-1, nitrogen [N] 23.5 g kg-1, magnesium [Mg] 705, zinc [Zn] 32.9 mg kg-1), followed by millet (total dietary fiber [TDF] 185.3 g kg-1, Mg 904, copper [Cu] 6.27, iron [Fe] 57.0 mg kg-1). The above-mentioned cereals also showed a satisfactory yield level under the organic system (spelt wheat 2.69, proso millet 1.42 t ha-1). Both in winter and spring common wheat organic farming led a significant reduction in productivity, but the content of chemical components in grain (dihydroxyphenols—spring wheat 1.68 g kg-1, winter wheat 1.74 g kg-1; selenium [Se]—spring wheat 53.4 mg kg-1, winter wheat 40.5 mg kg-1; some amino acids—spring wheat valine [Val] 5.11, methionine [Met] 2.09, tryptophan [Trp] 0.40 g kg-1, winter wheat glutamate [Glu] 41.9, proline [Pro] 15.3, glysine [Gly] 5.24, arginine [Arg] 5.04, [Trp] 0.97 g kg-1) was more favorable compared to the conventional system. The present study showed that the organic farming system does not result in reduced productivity neither in spelt wheat or proso millet, but contributes to an improvement in their grain quality parameters. On the other hand, common wheat performed better under the conventional system.