Winter triticale yield formation and quality affected by N rate, timing and splitting

Authors

• Maarika Alaru Department of Field Crops and Grasslands,Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1A, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
• Ülle Laur Department of Field Crops and Grasslands,Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1A, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
• Viacheslav Eremeev Department of Field Crops and Grasslands,Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1A, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
• Endla Reintam Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1A, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
• Are Selge Department of Field Crops and Grasslands,Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1A, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
• Merrit Noormets Department of Field Crops and Grasslands,Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1A, 51014 Tartu, Estonia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2137/145960609788066861

Keywords:

nitrogen rate,timing andsplitting, triticale, cultivar, energy plant

Abstract

The field experiment was conducted to study the effects different nitrogen (N) quantities (N0120 kg ha-1) and application regimes (N applied at stages of tillering BBCH2830 and flag leaf sheath opening BBCH47) on (i) the formation of winter triticale above ground biomass (AGB), (ii) the grain yield (iii) the yield quality, and also (iiii) to find more suitable N fertilizing regimes for winter triticale depending on their utilization. Winter rye and winter wheat were used as reference crops. The efficiency of applying all N at the tillering stage (N100%+N0) was the highest for the grain yield of triticale. N application at development stage of plants BBCH47 increased the grain protein concentration significantly and the increase by 1 kg N was the highest in triticale cultivars. More stabile grain yield was produced by triticales in application regime N+N. N splitting did not influence significantly either the duration of the grain-filling period or the dry matter accumulation rate of triticale. N splitting affected Hagberg falling number (HFN) indirectly through the effect on the grain yield formation and grain protein concentration. HFN was positively correlated with the grain yield and negatively with the grain protein concentration. The suitable N regimes are: 1) triticale as the energy plant N60+N0 N applied at the tillering stage of plants and suitable N norm is not more than 60 kg N ha-1; 2) triticale as a feed or food N60+N60 High grain yield, protein and lysine concentration level are assured then.;