Lajikkeen ja lannoitustavan vaikutus kevätvehnän viljelyarvoon

Authors

• Erkki I. Kivi Hankkijan kasvinjalostuslaitos, Tammisto, Helsingin pit.
• Simo Hovinen Hankkijan kasvinjalostuslaitos, Tammisto, Helsingin pit.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.71744

Abstract

The effect of a new fertilizing method, the placement of fertilizer, on three spring wheat varieties was studied in factorial experiments. The varieties were grown in 1966 and 1967 on the Nikkilä and Tammisto experimental farms of the Institute. One of the varieties, Ruso, is a new cultivar; its properties were compared with those of the common varieties Apu and Svenno. Three different managements, 0, 400 and 800 kg per hectare, of a commercial mixed fertilizer (8—13—9), were used. The average yield of the varieties was 31 per cent less at Nikkilä than at Tammisto. The broadcasting of 800 kg fertilizer increased the yield 38 per cent at Nikkilä, and only 11 per cent at Tammisto. The placement of fertilizer increased the yields in all trials. Here the effect of management was also bigger at Nikkilä than at Tammisto. In the trials at the first mentioned farm, the placement of fertilizer increased the grain yields by 8–15, while the increase was 3—8 per cent at Tammisto. In both places the efficiency of the placement was improved by a higher fertilizer dose. The varieties examined showed different abilities in utilizing the placement of the fertilizer. By broadcasting, all three wheats gave equal yields, but by the placement of a higher dose of fertilizer, Svenno outyielded Apu by 13 per cent. The yield of Ruso lay between the two. Measurements and observations made in the trials showed a trend favourable to the placement of fertilizer in such properties as tillering capacity, size of tillers, length of ear, rapidity and evenness of maturing, and falling number. Most of these differences were, however, small and without statistical significance. The placement did not have any weakening effects on the quality properties of the varieties. The decrease in the crude protein content was also less than indicated in some earlier published works. In the growth rhythm, lodging resistance, kernel weight, volume weight, protein content, wet gluten content, and swelling value, the differences between the varieties covered over the variation by management. The placement of fertilizer increased the reliability of the spring wheat crops as can be seen by the risk coefficients (coeff. of variation). On different fertilizing levels these were as follows: Risk coefficient on different levels of fertilizer 0, 400, 800; 0, and broadcasting 33, 22, 23; Placement 16, 16. In a similar way it can be shown that the different growth requirements of the varieties were eliminated by the placement of a higher dose of fertilizer: Fertilizer; Risk coefficient of variety: Apu, Ruso, Svenno; 0 33, 37, 38; 400 broadc. 20, 26, 25; 400 placem. 14, 21, 18; 800 broadc. 21, 29, 25; 800 placem. 17, 17, 18. Under effective cultivation conditions both Ruso and Svenno, which in general show high growth requirements, gave low values of coefficient equalling those of the low-requiring Apu. Nevertheless, the two varieties outyielded Apu. The factorial experiments with the new varieties of crops under circumstances of effective and suitable cultivation managements are valuable for a plant breeder in his efforts to develop cultivars for new and increasingly intensive plant husbandry.