Production of fungal volatile organic compounds in bedding materials

Authors

• Saana Lappalainen University of Kuopio, Department of Environmental Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
• Anna-Liisa Pasanen University of Kuopio, Department of Environmental Sciences, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
• Pentti Pasanen University of Kuopio, Department of Environmental Sciences, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
• Pentti Kalliokoski University of Kuopio, Department of Environmental Sciences, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland

DOI: https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72785

Abstract

The high relative humidity of the air and many potential growth media, such as bedding materials, hay and grains in the horse stable, for example, provide suitable conditions for fungal growth. Metabolic activity of four common agricultural fungi incubated in peat and wood shavings at 25°C and 4°C was characterized in this study using previously specified volatile metabolites of micro-organisms and CO2 production as indicators. The volatile organic compounds were collected into Tenax resin and analysed by gas chromatography. Several microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs), e.g. 1-butanol, 2-hexanone, 2-heptanone, 3-octanone, 1-octen-3-ol and 1-octanol were detected in laboratory experiments; however, these accounted for only 0.08-1.5% of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs). Emission rates of MVOCs were 0,001-0.176 μg/kg of bedding materials per hour. Despite some limitations of the analytical method, certain individual MVOCs, 2-hexanone, 2-heptanone and 3-octanone, were also detected in concentrations of less than 4.6 μg/m3 (0.07-0.31% of TVOC) in a horse stable where peat and shavings were used as bedding materials. MVOC emission rate was estimated to be 0.2-2.0 μg/kg x h-1 from bedding materials in the stable, being about ten times higher than the rates found in the laboratory experiments. Some compounds, e.g. 3-octanone and 1-octen-3-ol, can be assumed to originate mainly from microbial metabolisms.