Referoinnin laajentumat. Hän-, he- ja se-, ne- pronominien käytöstä Siikaisten murteessa

• Kristiina Ylikahri

Avainsanat: demonstratiivit, kertominen, lounaiset välimurteet, murteentutkimus, persoonapronominit, pronominit, puheen syntaksi, puhuttu kieli (ks. myös puhekieli), referenssi, referointi, semantiikka, syntaksi

Abstrakti

The use of hän, he and se, ne pronouns in extensions of reported discourse in the Siikainen dialect (englanti)

2/1996 (100)

Kristiina Ylikahri

The use of hn, he and se, ne pronouns in extensions of reported discourse in the Siikainen dialect

The article examines the variation of the third-person pronouns in the Siikainen dialect. The pronouns hn, he 'he/she, they' [human] and se, ne 'it, they' [non-human] are used differently in Finnish dialects compared to the way they occur in the standard language. In the dialects, the decisive factor is not whether or not the referent is human; the variation is more subtle, and also varies between dialects (Vilppula 1989). In all dialects hn and he are used in reported discourse to refer to the original speaker. In some dialects such as the Siikainen dialect hn and he are also used in other forms of discourse.

Because reported discourse plays such a major role in the variation of these pronouns, the article takes it as a starting point. However, no clear-cut distinction can be made between reported and direct speech: between them there lies a continuum. In "extensions" of reported discourse in the Siikainen dialect, hn and he are often used, although se and ne are also possible (in reporting proper, only hn and he are used). "Extensions" are defined as cases where the speaker reports on the referent's state of consciousness, or otherwise indicates that the report is based on something that has been heard or rumoured, etc. The main character of a narrative is also usually referred to with the hn pronoun.

Habitual and generic contexts favour se/ne pronouns. If the subject NP is specific and the predicate generic, the subject pronoun can also be hn/he, although se/ne are much more common. On the other hand, generic NPs only accept se/ne pronouns. In the Siikainen dialect it also seems that in factual, time-bound contexts hn/he are often chosen although se/ne also occur. This can also be seen as a form of extended reporting, for reported discourse usually relates to a particular unique moment when a particular person said something.

The material consists of three conversations, in which the participants at least have mutual acquaintances although the researcher was not previously known to all the informants. The pronouns in this material are probably used in a fairly natural way, but the small size of the corpus affects the reliability of the results.