Nuorten aikuisten kielenhallinta ja meneillään oleva kielenmuutos

Kirjoittajat

• Mikko Laasanen Tampereen yliopisto
• Anneli Pajunen
• Tuomo Häikiö

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23982/vir.83371

Avainsanat:

sosiolingvistiikka, meneillään oleva kielenmuutos, kielen natiivihallinta

Abstrakti

Artikkeli käsittelee kielen natiivihallintaa ja sen huomioimista sosiolingvistisessä meneillään olevan kielenmuutoksen tutkimuksessa. Artikkelissa tarkastellaan iän ja koulutuksen suhteen vertaistettujen nuorten aikuisten kielenhallintaa ja keskitytään derivaatiomorfologian hallintaan. Aineistona on yliopiston pääsykoe, jossa testattiin kielen eri osa-alueita. Pääsykokeeseen kuului derivaatiotesti, jossa piti tunnistaa mahdottomia, mahdollisia ja esiintyviä johdoksia. Kielenhallinnan arviointi perustuu pääsykokeen suoriutumistuloksiin ja ylioppilastutkinnon painotettuihin todistuspistemääriin. Tutkimuksen mukaan ylioppilaskokeen pistemäärä ennusti kokelaan suoriutumista mahdollisten johdosten tunnistuksessa tilastollisesti merkitsevästi. Laadulliseen tarkasteluun otettiin kausatiivi-, passiivi- ja teonnimijohdokset. Näiden hallinnassa havaittiin selkeää vaihtelua ja erilaisia tunnistusstrategioita. Tulosten perusteella nuorten aikuisten kielenhallinta vaihtelee, ja tällä voi olla vaikutuksia kielenmuutoksen tutkimustuloksiin. Mikäli kielenhallintaa ei tutkimuksissa kontrolloida, saatetaan yhteisölliseksi muutokseksi laskea tekijöitä, jotka todellisuudessa heijastavat kehityksellisiä tai hallinnallisia tekijöitä.

 

Young adults’ language proficiency and on-going language change

The article concerns native-language proficiency and its effect on the sociolinguistic study of on-going language change. The article examines the language proficiency of young adults matched for age and education, with a focus on derivational morphology. The data of the study consists of a university entrance exam assessing various aspects of linguistic knowledge. A derivation test required the subjects to recognise impossible, possible and occurring derivations. Appraisals of language proficiency are based on the results of the entrance exam in addition to the weighted scores of subjects’ matriculation examination. According to the study, the scores of the matriculation examination predicted the subjects’ success in recognising possible derivations with statistical significance. Qualitative examination of causative, passive and nominaliser derivations revealed clear variation and different recognition strategies between subjects. Based on these results, the authors suggest that young adults’ language proficiency varies and that this can affect the results of studies into on-going language change. The authors argue that if language proficiency is not sufficiently taken into account, developmental and proficiency-related factors could be mistakenly read as change on a societal level.

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