Research perspectives on prehistoric infectious diseases and epidemics in Finland

Authors

• Ulla Moilanen
• Sofia Paasikivi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37449/ennenjanyt.125929

Keywords:

Infectious diseases, epidemics, prehistory, archaeology, demography, burials

Abstract

Historical research of epidemics often emphasizes literary sources, but infectious diseases have accompanied humans since prehistoric times. This article discusses the ways prehistoric epidemics can be identified and studied. We focus on scientific analyses of ancient pathogens and the indirect impact of epidemics that may be visible in archaeological material. Epidemics can have demographic, political, social, religious and economic impacts, although other factors can also trigger similar crises. The phenomena are often complicated and challenging to identify and interpret. However, identifying any period of crisis in prehistory can also lead to the identification of an epidemic. Epidemics are typically linked to other population crises. Climate factors may also influence the distribution of certain diseases. The interdisciplinary study of archaeological data allows conclusions to be drawn about the overall impact of crises. The best way to study prehistoric epidemics is to focus on both large-scale and local, small-scale phenomena.