Historical consciousness, historical thinking and historical literacy: The manifold premises of new Finnish history curricula

Authors

• Anna Veijola Jyväskylän yliopisto

Abstract

The new history curricula in Finland focuses on two important concepts: historical consciousness and historical literacy. This article examines the definition of the concepts in the context of history teaching that emphasizes historical thinking and competencies in history. This article seeks the deeper meaning of historical consciousness, historical thinking and understanding and historical literacy, as well as links between them. The article is based on recent Finnish and international research on the pedagogy of history.